2.What happened at the Diet of Worms?
3.What religious policy did Elizabeth I pursue?
4.How did Henry IV deal with the conflict between Catholics and Huguenots in France?
5.What effect did the Peace of Westphalia have on the Holy Roman Empire?
6.What effect did the Protestant Reformation have on the authority of the State?
7.What did Bishop Bossuet teach about the origin of government and its responsibilities?
8.Why was Versailles important to Louis XIV?
9.How did Frederick William strengthen his control of Brandenburg-Prussia?
10.What policies did Peter the Great pursue to strengthen his authority?Western Civilization Questions. (History)?
I have a feeling that you are in the same class I am...maybe even at the same school! Here is my entire quiz review, if there are questions that you don't have, then only take what you need...
1.What sorts of people formed the ruling elite of the northern Italian city states?
?Wealthy merchants or religious leaders
2. What were the most important differences between medieval and Renaissance art?
?Italian Renaissance art - depicted many Ancient Mediterranean themes (Roman/Greek); realistic linear perspective, emphasis on the relationship between light and shadow, and a glorification of nature and the human figure.
?Medieval art - Disproportionate (body parts wrong), perspective absent or wrong, all faces the same, unrealistic, two dimensional, flat, and dull, and religious themes
3. How did humanists believe that life should be lived?
?A secular ideology which espouses reason, ethics, and justice, whilst specifically rejecting supernatural and religious dogma as a basis of morality and decision-making.
?Derives the goals of life from human need and interest rather than from theological or ideological abstractions, and asserts that humanity must take responsibility for its own destiny.
4.In The Prince, what did Machiavelli say was a ruler's principal responsibility, and how did he advise a ruler to behave?
?The ruler's responsibility was to rule through fear rather than love and to go through any means necessary to enhance his power.
5.How did Martin Luther believe that human beings could be justified before God?
?Through faith and faith alone
6.What are indulgences and what upset Luther about how they were being offered?
?Indulgences were issued by the Popes. You could buy one of these to absolve you of a sin, say theft or something like that, and let you bypass purgatory and go straight to heaven. It was essentially allowing the Church to raise funds at an excessive rate to expand its political power. Martin Luther was upset when the Pope declared Albert of Mainz could sell them rather than people having to earn them. The Pope went so far as to sell them for those who had already died.
7.What did Luther and other Protestants believe was the only source of Church doctrine?
?The Scripture (The Bible)
?Sola Scriptura
8.What happened at the Diet of Worms?
?Diets were general assemblies of the Imperial Estates of the Holy Roman Empire. Several of them took place in the city of Worms, in what is now Germany.
?Edict of Worms: Addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation
?9.Why did Henry VIII reject papal authority over the Church of England?
?He wished divorce and it also extended his political power in his realm. It was not for actual religious reasons.
10. What religious policy did Elizabeth I pursue?
?To see to the needs of both religions she created The Church of England (the Anglican Church) in which she was the supreme head. In this church she instituted Protestant ideas as well as Catholic ideas, basically merging the two religions under one church.
?Via Media
11. What was the Council of Trent and what did it accomplish?
? Eliminated much corruption
? The Council of Trent was meant to reform the church. It essentially looked over Church doctrine and validated it, asserting that the Church was still correct. Many say it was the epitome of the Counter Reformation to crush Protestantism.
12. How did the Protestant Reformation affect the way people understood the role of the individual in the Christian life?
? Individual at center of “drama of salvation”
? The priesthood of ALL believers
13. How did Henry IV deal with the conflict between Catholics and Huguenots in France?
? As a Huguenot, Henry was involved in the Wars of Religion before ascending the throne in 1589. Before his coronation as king of France at Chartres, he changed his faith from a Huguenot to Catholicism and, in 1598, he enacted the Edict of Nantes, which guaranteed religious liberties to the Protestants and thereby effectively ended the civil war.
14. What effect did the Peace of Westphalia have on the Holy Roman Empire?
? European settlement that ended the Thirty Years' War
? Shattered the unity of The Holy Roman Empire forever
15. What effect did the Protestant Reformation have on the authority of the State?
? Absolutism
? Absolute Monarchy strengthened by the Reformation
16. According to Thomas Hobbes, who created government and why? What authority did Hobbes believe the government should possess?
? Power was derived from an implicit contract between the ruler and his subjects. As long as they were protected from each other and foreigners, the ruler was using his power correctly and in a way that is best for everyone
17. What did Bishop Bossuet teach about the origin of government and its responsibilities?
? Asserted divine right, that God gave them the power to rule
18. How did Louis XIV reform the French government to enhance his authority?
? He would often support up and coming noble families and make each family fight for his praise and support. He mandated that all nobles maintain some time at Versailles so they could be watched, the more you were suspect, the more time you had to spend
19. Why was Versailles important to Louis XIV?
? As a symbol of the system of absolute monarchy
? Versailles was the political and administrative capital of the kingdom. By providing enough space to house the courtiers, the chateau and its outbuildings helped to "domesticate" the French nobility. Under the king's watchful eye, great lords no longer plotted--they remained with the court, ready to please and serve the king.
20. How did Frederick William strengthen his control of Brandenburg-Prussia?
? Made a deal with the Nobles to establish an Absolute Monarchy
o Nobles received authority to rule the peasants as they saw fit
o Nobles gave obedience, military service, and taxes in return
21. What policies did Peter the Great pursue to strengthen his authority?
? He attempted to westernize the aristocracy and he supplanted the noble families. If a person supported him and helped him do something outside the usual call, he would be granted nobility but it could always be taken away. He also suppressed numerous rebellions with his army
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